Magnetic measurements offer a powerful, non-invasive route to condition monitoring of electrical machines, but the performance required from magnetic sensors and instruments depends strongly on the machine, fault mechanism, sensor location and operating environment. This Special Session brings together IMEKO TC4 expertise in electrical and magnetic measurement with TC10 expertise in diagnostics and condition monitoring, focusing on experimental applications that reveal how magnetic sensing technologies perform in practice. Contributions are particularly encouraged that use or compare Hall-effect and other magnetic-field or stray-flux sensors and magnetometers on motors, generators, actuators and starter-generators. Authors are invited to report sensor type and instrument configuration, field range, sensitivity, noise, bandwidth, number of axes, spatial resolution, sensor placement, calibration, temperature behavior, EMI/EMC robustness, integration constraints and achieved diagnostic performance. Comparative studies of commercial instruments, custom probes and research prototypes are especially welcome, including evidence of advantages, limitations and unmet measurement needs. Applications may address stator, rotor, bearing, insulation and permanent-magnet faults, demagnetization, eccentricity, load, and prognostics. Particular interest is given to energy, space, defense and other safety- or mission-critical systems operating under high speed, temperature extremes, vibration, radiation or restricted accessibility. The session aims to connect end-user requirements with magnetic-sensor and instrument development, enabling better measurement solutions and more dependable electrical-machine health monitoring.

Other topics of interest are:
• Application case studies using magnetic sensors on electrical machines and drives
• Comparative evaluation of Hall-effect and other measurement technologies, sensors and magnetometers
• Multi-axis magnetic-field measurement for machine monitoring
• Stray-flux measurement and magnetic signatures of electrical-machine faults
• Sensor placement and orientation: axial, radial and tangential field components
• Magnetic sensor range, sensitivity, noise floor, bandwidth, linearity and dynamic range
• Spatial resolution, probe size, air-gap access and minimally invasive integration
• Calibration, traceability, drift and uncertainty of magnetic measurements
• Commercial magnetic measurement instruments versus custom probes and research prototypes
• Stator and rotor faults, eccentricity, broken bars, winding faults and insulation degradation
• Permanent-magnet health, demagnetization and thermal effects
• Magnetic sensing for bearings, actuators, generators and starter-generators
• Magnetic measurements for high-speed and high-power-density machines
• Sensor fusion of magnetic measurements with current, voltage, vibration and temperature
• Sensors, signal acquisition and processing for Diagnostics, Optimization & Control
• Artificial intelligence, machine learning and data science for magnetic-based diagnostics, optimization and control
• Data-driven condition monitoring, fault detection and prognosis using magnetic measurements